利用人工授精技术改良半散放马鹿的研究

采用人工授精方法改良半散放马鹿 ,经过改良的马鹿 ,1日龄内主要体尺体重指标优于同期自然繁殖马鹿 ,其中体重增加 17.34% ,体斜长增长 12 .2 6 % ,肩高增加 11.2 7% ,且有较强的抗病能力。公鹿产茸量增加明显 ,初角茸增加 4 4.4 4% ,头锯茸增加 5 2 .0 7% ,2锯茸 6 1.39% ,按鹿茸的生长规律 ,到 5锯时鹿茸产量可提高 1倍     

Red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) management in the dehesa system in Central Extremadura,Spain

In this paper we report the results of a study on the suitability of the dehesa (Mediterranean woodlands) as habitat of red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) in a closed country estate of about 4300 ha total surface situated in the San Pedro Mountain, in Central Extremadura, Spain. We have described the deer management with respect to habitat, exploitation mode, deer feeding, population control and production of goods and services. It is concluded that the dehesa system is a rich natural resource that preserves and improves the degraded environment.

---

Resumen En el presente trabajo se estudia la dehesa como hábitat del ciervo (Cervus elaphus hispanicus). Se ha tomado como referencia una finca cerrada de 4300 ha de ST situada en la Sierra de San Pedro, en Extremadura, España. Se describen los sistemas de gestión actuales del ciervo en cuanto a hábitat, modo de explotación, alimentación, control de población y producción de bienes y servicios. Concluyendo con la necesidad de fomentar este tipo de explotaciones cinegéticas de dehesa que ayudan a conservar y potenciar el medio ambiente en zonas despobladas y deprimidas

---

Abbreviations CS collected surface - DMFCU deedmixed feed cattle units - Fi final inventory - FS fertilized surface - Ii Initial inventory - K Potassium - N Nitrogen - NBF number of breeding females - NBFIi number of breeding females of initial inventory - NBFR number of breeding females released - NBM number of breeding males - NBMIi number of breeding males of initial inventory - NBMR number of breeding males released - NCCR number of captive calves released - NCFi number of calves of final inventory - NCR number of calves released - NFR number of female renovation - NYMR number of young males released - NYFR number of young females released - P phosphorus - PP permanent Pastures - pts pesetas - QS Quercus stalks - RDED resources directly eaten by deer - SPOM selected hunted down poor quality males - SS sowed surface - TN total needs of deer - TNR total number released - UAS useable agrarian surface - WB wooded brush - WQS wooded Quercus surface - WS wooded surface     

东江中上游紫色红壤水土保持林树种选择试验

在东江中上游特定的气候条件和特定的紫色红壤上，开展了水土保持林树种选择试验。初步选择出具有固氮改土能力的肯氏相思、绢毛相思和大叶相思作为严重水土流失紫色红壤地区的先锋树种；选择了慢生的伴生树种红锥和海南红豆；在辅以人工施肥的情况下，选择了速生树种桃金娘科的尾叶桉和红胶木。在先锋、速生和慢生树种，以及乔、灌、草相互结合的技术措施指导下，营造的水土保持示范林取得了较为理想的保持水土效果。     

胎里红柿早期丰产栽培技术

胎里红柿早期丰产栽培技术要点为，施足基肥，大穴栽植；科学施用肥、水，冬、夏剪相结合，调控营养生长与生殖生长；使用生长调节剂及各种农业技术措施促花和提高坐果率，科学防治病虫害等。     

牡丹红斑病的研究

牡丹红斑病在山东菏泽牡丹栽培区的发病率达50％左右，病重的牡丹园可达90％以上。从8批次384个样品中分离获得512个分离株，经筛选、纯化、回接试验，依其培养性状和形态特征，病原菌鉴定为牡丹枝孢Cladosporium paeoniae Pass。病害发生与牡丹不同品种、初侵染源等因子密切相关。筛选出了50％多菌灵、70％甲基托布津等防治红斑病的有效药剂，应用800倍液从3月中旬牡丹展叶前至7月中旬防治4次，效果达90％以上，感病指数可控制在5以下。     

人工降雨条件下不同坡度红壤坡面迳流泥沙变化特征研究

在人工模拟降雨强度为1.44 mm/min的条件下,研究了不同坡度(β)红壤近似裸地坡面迳流、泥沙的变化特征,研究结果表明:①地表迳流量随坡度的增大而迅速增加。②当β≤23°时,土壤侵蚀量随坡度的增大而迅速增加;当25°≤β≤40°时,土壤侵蚀量随坡度变化较小。③坡面土壤侵蚀的临界坡度则介于23°~25°之间。④坡度与侵蚀量关系可用函数表示为:S=199.1×L1.65×tan1.4β(0°≤β≤23°)。     

花岗岩黄红壤杉木幼林施肥连年生长效应

１９９１￣１９９５年试验结果表明，在江西分宜花岗岩残积物发育的黄红壤上，杉木幼林施Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ及配合处理，使树高、胸径、蓄积总生长量指标分别达到５．６７￣６．５９ｍ、８．３５￣９．２８ｃｍ、６７．９２２￣９６．４１ｍ＾３／ｈｍ＾２，较对照增长５．６％￣２０．２％、７．４％￣１７．５％、２１．６％￣５６．２％。在各种施肥处理中，以５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２Ｐ２Ｏ５的效果最佳，其连年生长量效应显著持续到第５年；     

外来有害生物红火蚁风险分析及防控对策

参照国内外有害生物风险分析方法，通过对外来有害生物红火蚁在我国的分布状况、潜在危害性、危害对象经济重要性、定殖和扩散的可能性和危险性管理难度的定性和定量分析，得出风险评估值R=1．861，表明该虫在我国属于中度危险的有害生物。必须通过检疫、监测等措施加强对红火蚁的监管，防止其扩散、危害。     

Organic Matter Added to Bareroot Nursery Beds Influences Soil Properties and Morphology of Fraxinus pennsylvanica and Quercus rubra Seedlings

Bareroot hardwood seedling production involves intensive soil management. To increase soil organic matter (OM), nurseries commonly grow a cover crop for 1 year after every 1–2 year of seedling production. Raising soil OM levels can also be achieved through addition of soil amendments. We studied the influence of chicken manure (CM) and composted leaf, tree, and lawn trimmings (Cp) on soil properties and morphology of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings. CM was applied at 725, 1450, or 2900 kg ha⁻¹ (CM725, CM1450, and CM2900, respectively) and Cp was applied at 200 m³ ha⁻¹. Addition of CM and Cp significantly raised soil OM levels and altered soil chemical properties compared to the control (Ctrl). Root-collar diameter increased with addition of CM1450, CM2900, or Cp compared to CM725 or Ctrl plots for northern red oak, but was largest in soils amended with CM2900 for green ash. Conversely, height was greatest with addition of CM725 for northern red oak, but green ash seedlings were shorter in Ctrl plots than in all amendments except for CM725. Root volume of green ash and northern red oak seedlings was positively influenced by addition of CM or Cp. Seedling responses to nursery soil amendments vary with different forms and amounts of OM. Benefits to seedling growth through application of appropriate materials in the proper balance can improve seedling morphological quality and positively influence soil chemical properties.     

基于神经网络红枣红外辐射干燥预测模型建立

针对红枣红外辐射干燥含水率的变化具有非线性和时变性、很难利用现有的模型构造一个数学模型来描述其变化规律的问题,利用Mat Lab神经网络工具箱和红枣红外辐射干燥特性试验数据建立了神经网络预测模型。通过对实测值和模型预测值进行分析研究,得出利用BP神经网络可以较快速、准确地建立模型来描述含水率的变化规律,且模型的预测值与试验测试值误差较小,能很好地实现在线预测的效果。